Recombinant Human HMGB1 protein (His tag) Sizes: 20μg, 100μg Catalogue Numbers: PDMH100141-20, PDMH100141-100 Citations, Manuals and MSDS Available upon request. Abbreviation: HMGB1 Target Synonym: High Mobility Group Protein B1; High Mobility Group Protein 1; HMG-1; HMGB1; HMG1 UNIProt ID: P09429 Research Areas: epigenetics and nuclear signal Target Species: Human Expression Host: HEK293 Cells Fusion Tag: C-His Accession: P09429 Background: High-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), also known as HMG-1 or amphoterin previously, is a member of the HMGB family consisting of three members, HMGB1, HMGB2 and HMGB3. HMGB1 is a DNA-binding nuclear protein, released actively following cytokine stimulation as well as passively during cell death. It is the prototypic damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule and has been implicated in several inflammatory disorders. HMGB1 signals via the receptor for advanced glycation end-product (RAGE) and members of the toll-like receptor (TLR) family. The most prominent HMGB1 protein and mRNA expression arthritis is present in pannus regions, where synovial tissue invades articular cartilage and bone. HMGB1 promotes the activity of proteolytic enzymes, and osteoclasts need HMGB1 for functional maturation. As a non-histone nuclear protein, HMGB1 has a dual function. Inside the cell, HMGB1 binds DNA, regulating transcription and determining chromosomal architecture. Outside the cell, HMGB1 can serve as an alarmin to activate the innate system and mediate a wide range of physiological and pathological responses. Extracellular HMGB1 represents an optimal " necrotic marker" selected by the innate immune system to recognize tissue damage and initiate reparative responses. However, extracellular HMGB1 also acts as a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine that contributes to the pathogenesis of diverse inflammatory and infectious disorders. Sequence: Met1-Glu215 Purity: > 95 % as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE. Formulation: Lyophilized from sterile PBS, pH 7.4. Normally 5 % - 8 % trehalose, mannitol and 0.01% Tween80 are added as protectants before lyophilization. Please refer to the specific buffer information in the printed manual. Reconstitution: Please refer to the printed manual for detailed information. Endotoxin: Please contact us for more information. Calculated MW: 23.54 kDa Observed MW: 30 kDa Storage: Generally, lyophilized proteins are stable for up to 12 months when stored at -20 to -80℃. Reconstituted protein solution can be stored at 4-8℃ for 2-7 days. Aliquots of reconstituted samples are stable at < -20℃ for 3 months. Shipping: This product is provided as lyophilized powder which is shipped with ice packs. Research Use Only